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Disease Profile

SeSAME syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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331

US Estimated

514

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

-

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness and tubulopathy; EAST syndrome; Seizures sensorineural deafness ataxia intellectual disability electrolyte imbalance;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases; Kidney and Urinary Diseases;

Summary

SeSAME syndrome is characterized by Seizures, Sensorineural deafness, Ataxia (lack of muscle coordination), intellectual (Mental) disability, and Electrolyte imbalance (low levels of potassium and magnesium in the blood, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis). It may also be known as EAST syndrome (Epilepsy, Ataxia, Sensorineural deafness, and Tubulopathy (kidney problems in the structures known as tubules)).[1] Seizures tend to start in early childhood. The seizures are typically of the generalized tonic-clonic seizure type (also known as grand mal seizures), but they usually respond well to medication. Non-progressive, cerebellar ataxia and hearing loss start later. The ataxia seems to be the most debilitating feature of the syndrome. It is caused by mutations in the KCNJ10 gene, and inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Treatment includes antiepileptic medication, physical, educational and speech therapy, hearing aid and management of the kidney and electrolytes problems.[1][2]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Ataxia
0001251
Generalized-onset seizure
0002197
Global developmental delay
0001263
Hyperaldosteronism
Elevated plasma aldosterone
Increased aldosterone
Increased aldosterone production

[ more ]

0000859
Hypokalemia
Low blood potassium levels
0002900
Hypomagnesemia
Low blood magnesium levels
0002917
Increased circulating renin level
Elevated blood renin level
0000848
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Metabolic alkalosis
0200114
Renal magnesium wasting
0005567
Renal salt wasting
Loss of salt in urine
0000127
Renal sodium wasting
0012606
Salt craving
0030083
Sensorineural hearing impairment
0000407
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Action tremor
0002345
Enuresis
0000805
Polydipsia
Extreme thirst
0001959
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Absent speech
Absent speech development
Lack of language development
Lack of speech
No speech development
No speech or language development
Nonverbal

[ more ]

0001344
Cerebellar atrophy
Degeneration of cerebellum
0001272
Chronic axonal neuropathy
0007267
Difficulty walking
Difficulty in walking
0002355
Inability to walk
0002540
Lower limb muscle weakness
Lower extremity weakness
Lower limb weakness
Muscle weakness in lower limbs

[ more ]

0007340
Peripheral axonal neuropathy
0003477
Peripheral hypomyelination
0007182
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Delayed speech and language development
Deficiency of speech development
Delayed language development
Delayed speech
Delayed speech acquisition
Delayed speech development
Impaired speech and language development
Impaired speech development
Language delay
Language delayed
Language development deficit
Late-onset speech development
Poor language development
Speech and language delay
Speech and language difficulties
Speech delay

[ more ]

0000750
Dysdiadochokinesis
Difficulty performing quick and alternating movements
0002075
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone

[ more ]

0001290
Hypocalciuria
Low urine calcium levels
0003127
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
0001960
Infantile onset
Onset in first year of life
Onset in infancy

[ more ]

0003593
Intention tremor
0002080
Muscular hypotonia
Low or weak muscle tone
0001252
Polyuria
Increased urine output
0000103
Renal potassium wasting
0000128
Seizure
0001250

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Organizations Providing General Support

        Learn more

        These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

        In-Depth Information

        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss SeSAME syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

          References

          1. Síndrome EAST. Orphanet. October, 2009; https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search.php?lng=ES&data_id=18406.
          2. Cross JH. Neurological features of epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, tubulopathy syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol. September, 2013; 55(9):846-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298033/.